Machines for shaping uppers over lasts



May 3, 1960 A. J. GILBRIDE ETAL 2,934,774

MACHINES FOR SHAPING UPPERS OVER LASTS Original Filed Feb. 14, 1957 5Sheets-Sheet 1 Inventors Andrw J fiilbride Adelbert WRoc/vwelLfi- Bytheir Attorney M7 611! Wu! y 1960 A. J. GILBRIDE ET AL 2,934,774

MACHINES FOR SHAPING UPPERS OVER LASTS Original Filed Feb. 14, 1957 5Sheets-Sheet 2 4&2

5Z6 Inventors Andrew J Gilbride Adelberz Wfioc/ruzelljr By theirAttorney y 3, 1960 A. J. GILBRIDE ETAL 2,934,774

MACHINES FOR SHAPING UPPERS OVER LAS'I'S Original Filed Feb. 14, 1957 5Sheets-Sheet 3 M W i z %w 5 1 %m m 1 9 o o o w [J n 9 II\..\|\\ llll II5 6 M MM 5 Q j Inven tors Andrew J Gilbr'ide Adelbert WRockwe/Ld'r Bytheir Attorney ZrM-M/ j May 3, 1960 A. .LGILBRIDE ET AL 2,934,774

MACHINES FOR SHAPING UPPERS OVER LASTS Original Filed Feb. 14, 1957 5Sheets-Sheet 4 Inventors Andrew J Gz'lbrz'de 7 Adelberz WfFOCAU/QZZ J"By their Azzomey May 3, 1960 A. J. GILBRIDE ET AL 2,934,774

MACHINES FOR SHAPING UPPERS OVER LASTS Original Filed Feb. 14, 1957 5Sheets-Sheet 5 .w l e a l J n w w w 1! 6 R m n J W m w w n 0 e e h I w Mt n e H M A m B J 8 J 0 1. my L W 2 x/ W 2, 5 7 0 d, w U111 0 W 9M W WMML? A7 w w r 0 4 m w 4 Z Z M T- X 3 H lllmgz .I II .rfFrrnL I I U I w II I I I ll O- w United States Patent MACHINES FOR SHAPING UPPERS OVERLASTS Andrew J. Gilbride, Swampscott, and Adelbert W. Rockwell, In,Beverly, Mass., assignors to United Shoe Machinery Corporation,Flemington, N.J., a corporation of New Jersey Original applicationFebruary 14, 1957, Serial No. 640,106. Divided and this applicationNovember 25, 1958, Serial No. 776,279

Claims. (Cl. 12-127) This invention relates to lasting machines andparticularly to a novel and improved means for supporting and securelyclamping a shoe on the supporting means with its toe end located inproper position to be acted upon by the wipers of a toe lasting machine.As herein illustrated, this improved shoe supporting means is shown asassociated with a toe lasting machine of the novel type disclosed andclaimed in a copending application for United States Letters PatentSerial No. 640,106, filed February 14, 1957, in the names of the presentapplicants, of which the present application is a division. It will, ofcourse, be understood that the improved shoe supporting means of thisinvention is of general utility and not limited to use in a machine ofthat particular type or to the exact mechanical constructionillustrated.

During the toe lasting operation the shoe is mounted on a support andthe upper materials are shaped to the toe end of the last by means ofthe wipers which move relatively to the toe end of the shoe. Because ofthe forces applied by the wipers, it is essential that the shoe be quitefirmly clamped on the support, and in order to facilitate the toelastingoperation, it is especially desirable that the toe end of eachshoe occupy substantially the same longitudinal position relatively tothe wipers and also that it be exposed so that the operator may readilyobserve the progress of the lasting operation and, if he so desires,supplement the action of the wipers by means of hand pincers or othersuitable lasting tool. Therefore, an object of this invention is toprovide a novel and improved arrangement for supporting and securelyclamping the shoe with its toe end located in proper position to beacted on by the wipers and wholly exposed to the view of the operator.

'With this object in view, there is provided, in the herein illustratedmachine, which has the usual toe rest for engaging and supporting thetoe end of the shoe being lasted, a heel abutment and a last spindlemounted for movement to press the heel end of a shoe mounted thereonagainst the heel abutment, and as a result of such pressure to cause thespindle and shoe to be swung in a direction to clamp the toe end of theshoe firmly against the toe rest. More particularly, the heel abutmentand the mentioned spindle are mounted for adjusting movements, towardand away from the toe rest, to accommodate shoes of dilferent sizes;heightwise relatively to the toe rest to accommodate shoes on lasts ofdifferent heel heights, and angularly about a vertical axis extendingthrough the toe rest to accommodate right and left shoes, as well asshoes on lasts of different styles, and fluid pressure operated meansare provided for effecting movement of the last spindle to press theheel end of a shoe thereon against the heel abutment. In the hereinillustrated machine, a manually operable valve is provided forcontrolling the flow of fluid under pressure to the last-mentioned fluidpressure operated device and preferably this valve is also adapted tocontrol the flow of lipid under pressure to the three other controlvalves ice provided for controlling power movements of the wipers, asfully disclosed in the above-identified parent application.

The above and other objects and features of the invention will appear inthe following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereofwhich is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will be pointedout in the claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of a toe lasting machine provided with ashoe support embodying the features of this invention;

Fig. 2 is another perspective view of the machine showing only a portionthereof and at a somewhat enlarged scale;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to that of Fig. 2, but with a number of theparts omitted or broken away and with a shoe shown in the machine;

Fig. 4 is still another perspective view of the machine looking at therear portion thereof; and

Fig. 5 is a view in side elevation of the improved shoe support withsome parts omitted and others shown in vertical section.

Referring to these drawings, and particularly to Fig. l, the toe lastingmachine which is therein illustrated is provided with shoe supportingmeans comprising a toe rest 20 on which the toe end of a shoe to belasted is clamped by means of a shoe supporting last pin 22 and a heelabutment 24, see also Fig. 5, while the operating elements of themachine comprise two wipers 26, 26 mounted for advancing and closingmovements in a wiper carrying head 28 which is movable heightwiserelatively to the toe end of the shoe being lasted.

In common with toe lasting machines of this general type, the hereinillustrated machine has manually operated means for advancing andclosing the wipers and also for moving the wiper carrying headheightwise relatively to a shoe being lasted, the former comprising ahand lever including an operating arm 30 having a handle 32 mountedthereon while the latter includes a foot treadle 34. The aforementionedparts of the machine are associated with and supported on a main frameconstruction comprising an upper portion indicated generally by thereference character 40 and a lower portion indicated generally by thereference character 42. As is shown in Fig. 1, there is secured to thelower frame portion 42 a bracket 43 on which thefoot treadle 34 ispivotally supported and an auxiliary platform 44 adjacent to thetreadle. Q 7

The wiper carrier 28, which contains a well-known type of mechanism foradvancing and closing the wipers 26, 26 in response to axial movement ofan operating rod 50, Figs. 2 and 3, is mounted for angular adjustingmovements about a longitudinal axis, in the usual manner by meansincluding a handle 52, on a supporting frame 54, which, in turn, isslidably mounted on a guide member 56, see also Fig. 4. This guidemember is pivotally supported on a cross shaft 58 which extends throughan up standing hub portion 60 formed on the guide member and which issupported at its opposite ends on a bracket member 62 secured to theupper side of the frame con struction 40. For effecting relativemovement between the guide member 56 and the wiper head supporting frame54, for the purpose of adjusting the position of the wipers in alongitudinal direction relatively to the toe end of a shoe being lasted,an adjusting screw 64 is provided and arranged to be rotated bymeansincluding two spiral gears 66, 68 and a hand wheel 70 carried onthe outer end of a shaft 72 which extends outwardly through an openingin the frame construction 40, which opening accommodates movements ofthis shaft transversely to its own axis when the guide member 56, framemember 54,

and the wiper carrier 28 which is mounted thereon are swung about thepivotal axis provided by the shaft 58.

The wiper operating rod 50 is connected to the upper end of an upwardlyextending arm 80 of a bell-crank lever 82 which has a rearwardlyextending arm 84, Fig. 4, this bell-crank lever being secured to a crossshaft 86 which is journaled in suitable hearings in bosses 88, 88 formedon the frame construction 40. Also secured to this cross shaft is adownwardly extending arm 90 which is connected, by means of a link 92,to another downwardly extending arm 94, which is secured to the innerend of a shaft 96. The shaft 96, which is journaled in a suitablebearing bore in a bos 98 formed on the frame construction 40, projectsoutwardly therebetween, and secured to this outwardly projecting portionof the shaft 96 in a hub 188 formed integrally with the above-mentionedarm 39. As will be apparent, the operator may manually advance and closeor retract and open the wipers 26, 26 by grasping the handle 32 andswinging the arm 30 toward or away from the front of the machine.

Connected to a forwardly extending portion of the guide member 56 andextending downwardly therefrom is an operating link, indicated generallyby the reference character 118, Fig. 5, and comprising an upper portion112 which is substantially square in cross section, and a lower rod-likeportion 114 joined together by a threaded adjusting sleeve 116. The rod114 is connected to one arm 118 of a three-armed lever, indicatedgenerally by the reference character 120, and having two other arms 122and 124. This three-armed lever has a hub portion 126 by means of whichit is rotatably mounted on a fixed cross shaft 128 associated with theframe construction 40. Extending between the arm 124 of the lever 120and the foot treadle 34 i an adjustable link 130, Fig. 1. With thearrangement which has so far been described, the herein illustratedmachine may be operated to last the toe end of a shoe in exactly thesame manner as is done in prior manually operated machines of thisgeneral type, eifecting the heightwise movement of the wiper carryinghead 28 and wipers 26, 26 by means of the foot treadle 34 and advancingand closing or retracting and opening the wipers 26, 26 by means of thearm 30 and handle 32 thereon.

The last pin 22 has a base portion 450 and is pivotally mounted on theupper end of a lever 452, by means of a pin 453, Fig. 5. This lever, inturn, is pivotally mounted on a cross shaft 454 carried by forwardlyextending portions 456 formed on a frame-like member 458 which is shapedas shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5. The frame-like member 458 is mountedfor sliding movement on two spaced supporting arms 460, 460 which arejoined together at their outer ends by a cross piece 462 and which carryat their inner ends arm extensions 464, 464, see Figs. 2 and 3. Pivotedat its upper ends on two studs 466, 466, mounted on the opposite sidesof the member 458, is a yoke-like member 470, Fig. 2. Rotatably mountedin the lower'end of this yoke-like member and held against axialmovement relatively thereto by means of a collar 472 and a bevel gear474 is a supporting and adjusting screw 476 which is threaded through ablock 480, Fig. 5. This block is mounted for swinging movement about asubstantially horizontal axis by means of trunnions 482 on anintermediate member 484 which, in turn, is mounted for swinging movementabout a substantially vertical axis, by means of a pin 486, on asupporting member 488. This supportingmember is mounted on the crossshaft 128, on the opposite sides of the lever 120, and is held againstrotation thereon by means of a sleeve 490 carried by a second crossshaft 492 and engaging a recess 494 formed in the member 488. At theirouter ends, the arm extensions 464 are pivotally mounted, by means ofstub shafts 496, 496 on the oppositely extending arms of a yoke 498 forswinging movement about a horizontal axis extending substantiallytransversely of the machine and tangent to the operating surface on thetoe rest. This yoke is journaled for swinging movement about asubstantially vertical axis on a transversely extending portion 500 ofthe upper frame construction 40 by means of a post 502 which is keyed tothe yoke member and rotatably mounted in a bore 504 formed in the frameportion 500. Supported on an upwardly extending portion of the post 502is the toe rest 20.

For swinging the yoke 498 about the axis of the post 582, thereby tolocate the last pin 22 and heel abutment 24, which, as will be presentlyexplained, is supported on the frame-like member 458, in differentlateral positions to accommodate shoes on lasts of different stylesand/or rights and lefts, there is pivoted on the under side of one ofthe arm of the yoke a threaded block 510 which receives an adjustingscrew 512, Fig. 5. The inner end of this adjusting screw is rotatablymounted and held against axial movement in a block 514, pivotallymounted on the aforementioned frame portion 500, and secured to theouter end of this screw is a hand wheel 516, Fig. 2, by means of whichthe screw may be rotated. The frame-like member 458 may be raised orlowered in order to accommodate shoe on lasts of various different heelheights, by rotating the supporting and adjusting screw 476 by means ofa bevel gear 520 which is in mesh with the bevel gear 474, mentionedabove, and which is secured to the lower end of a shaft 522, Fig. 5.This, shaft is journaled in an offset portion formed integrally with oneside of the yoke-like member 470 and carried at its upper end is a handwheel 524, Figs. 2 and 3. The frame-like member 458 may also be movedtoward or away from the toe rest 20 to accommodate shoes of diiferentsizes by means of an adjusting screw 526 which is threaded through aportion of the frame-like member 458, Fig. 5. At one end, this adjustingscrew is journaled and held against axial movement in the cross member462 and secured to this end of the shaft is a hand wheel 528.

As shown in Fig. 5, the heel abutment is mounted for swinging movement,about a substantially horizontal axis extending transversely of a shoein the machine, on a carrier block 530 by means of a pivot pin 532 and aspring-pressed plunger 534 is provided for holding the heel abutment inthe mid position in which it is shown in Fig. 5. The block 530 hasflanges 536 formed thereon by means of which it is mounted for verticaladjusting movement in guideways' 538 formed in the frame-like member 458when a clamp screw 539 is loosened, see Figs. 2 and 3.

The shoe to be lasted is clamped against the toe rest 20 by moving thelast pin 22 rearwardly to bring the heel end of the shoe against theheel abutment 24, this abutment being shaped to receive the heel end ofthe shoe, see Figs. 2 and 3, and provided with a resilient shoe engagingpad 540. For thus moving the last pin, the lever 452 is swung about theaxis of shaft 454 by means of a fluid pressure operated device,indicated generally by the reference character 550, and comprising acylinder 552 containing a diaphragm 554 having an operating rod 556which is connected to' the lower end of the lever 452. A branch of amain pressure pipe is connected to the cylinder 552. Accordingly, when avalve is operated to connect a supply pipe to the main pressure pipe,the diaphragm 554 will be moved to the left, Fig. 5, against the slightresistance of a return spring 558, thereby swinging the lever 452 aboutthe axis of shaft 454 in a clockwise direction and moving the last pin22, carried by the upper end of the lever 452, and with it the shoemounted thereon, to the right, Fig. 5, to press the heel end' of theshoe against the stationary heel abutment 24.

about the pivotal axis provided by pin 453 to clamp its forepart firmlyagainst the toe rest 20.

Although the operation of the improved shoe support should be apparentfrom the above description of its various elements, it will be brieflyoutlined below. Assuming that the last pin 22 and heel abutment 24 havebeen initially adjusted laterally, heightwise and lengthwiserespectively, by means of the hand wheels 516, 524 and 528, to positionssuitable for the shoe to be lasted, the shoe is placed on the last pinby the operator who then actuates the mentioned valve to admit air underpressure to the main pressure pipe thereby causing the shoe to beclamped in place on the toe rest 20 and at the same time located in adefinite lengthwise position in the machine by virtue of the engagementof its heel end with the abutment 24. If desired, additional adjustingmovements may be imparted to the shoe by means of the aforementionedhand wheels. However, once the correct positions of the last pin andheel abutment have been determined for one size of shoe of a particularstyle, successive shoes of the same size and style will each be. locatedin the correct lengthwise position in the machine regardless ofvariations in the location of the last pin hole inasmuch as thelengthwise position of the shoe is determined by the fixed heel abutment24.

With further reference to the shoe supporting means, as just noted, thepositions of the last pin 22 and heel abutment 24 may be varied, bymeans of the hand wheels 524 or 528 if desired, even after the shoe hasbeen clamped against the toe rest 20. Thus, the hand wheel 516 may berotated to shift the last pin and heel abut ment laterally of themachine and during such adjusting movement the toe rest will turn withthe shoe thereby avoiding any danger of scufiing or otherwise markingthe upper materials. Also the hand wheel 524 may be rotated to raise orlower the last pin and heel abutment and as this adjusting movement isbeing effected the arms 460, 460 will swing about an axis extendingsubstantially transversely of the machine and tangent to the operatingsurface of the toe rest so that the toe end of the shoe in effect willroll on the toe rest without any tendency for the upper materials to bestressed or otherwise disturbed. Preferably, the various parts of theshoe supporting means are so proportioned, see Fig. 5, that for anygiven style of last and within certain limits, as the heel abutment isadjusted by means of the hand wheel 528 to accommodate shoes ofdifferent sizes, the last pin and heel abutment will be automaticallyraised or lowered, relatively to the toe rest, to accommodate thecorresponding change in the heightwise position of the top cone of thelast. It will also be observed that during the upwiping and overwipingoperations, the shoe being lasted is very securely held against rearwardmovement in response to the substantial forces exerted thereon by thewipers by virtue of the rigid and substantially unyielding support whichis provided for its heel end by the heel abutment 24.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for a shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame, a bracket mounted on the frame for angularadjusting movements about a vertical axis extending through said toerest and about a horizontal axis extending substantially transversely ofthe machine, a carriage mounted on said bracket for adjusting movementstoward and away from the toe rest, a heel abutment and a pivotal lastsupporting spindle on said carriage, and means for moving said lastsupporting spindle toward said heel abutment to force the heel end of ashoe thereon into engagement with the heel abutment and thereby to swingthe toe end of the shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

2. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for ashoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame, a bracket mounted on the frame for angularadjusting movements about a vertical axis extending through said toerest and about a horizontal axis extending substantially transversely ofthe machine and tangent to the operating surface on the toe rest, acarriage mounted on said bracket for adjusting movements toward and awayfrom the toe rest, a heel abutment and a pivotal last supporting spindleon said carriage, and fluid pressure operated means for moving said lastsupporting spindle toward said heel abutment to force the heel end of ashoe thereon into engagement with the heel abutment and thereby to swingthe toe end of the shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

3. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for a shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame, a yoke member mounted on the frame forangular adjusting movements about a vertical axis extending through saidtoe rest, a bracket mounted on the yoke member for angular adjustingmovements about a horizontal axis extending transversely of the machine,a carriage mounted on said bracket for adjusting movements toward andaway from the toe rest, a heel abutment and a pivotal last supportingspindle on said carriage, and means for moving said last supportingspindle toward said heel abutment to force the heel end of a shoethereon into engagement with the heel abutment and thereby to swing thetoe end of the shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

4. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for a shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame, a yoke member mounted on the frame forangular adjusting'movements about a vertical axis extending through saidtoe rest, a bracket mounted on the yoke member for angular adjustingmovements about a horizontal axis ex tending transversely of the machineand substantially tangent to the operating surface on the toe rest, acarriage mounted on said bracket for adjusting movements toward and awayfrom the toe rest, a heel abutment and a pivotal last supporting spindleon said carriage, and fluid pressure operated means for moving said lastsupporting spindle toward said heel abutment to force the heel end of ashoe thereon into engagement with the heel abutment and thereby to swingthe toe end of the shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

5. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support forja shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame for rotation about a vertical axis extendingtherethrough, a yoke member mounted on the frame for angular adjustingmovements about the vertical axis extending through said toe rest, abracket mounted on the yoke member for angular adjust-ing movementsabout a horizontal axis extending transversely of the machine, acarriage mounted on said bracket for adjusting movements toward and awayfrom the toe rest, a heel abutment and a pivotal last supporting spindleon said carriage, and means for moving said last supporting spindletoward said heel abutment to force the heel end of a shoe thereon intoengagement with the heel abutment and thereby to swing the toe end ofthe shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

6. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for a shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame for rotation about a vertical axis extendingtherethrough, a yoke member mounted on the frame for angular adjustingmovements about the vertical axis extending through said toe rest, abracket mounted on the yoke member for angular adjusting movements abouta horizontal axis extending transversely of the machine and 7 Vsubstantially tangent to the operating surface on the toe rest, acarriage mounted on said bracket for adjusting movements toward and awayfrom the toe rest, a heel abutment and a pivotal last supporting spindleon said carriage, and fluid pressure operated means for moving said lastsupporting spindle toward said heel abutment to force the heel end of ashoe thereon into engagement with the heel abutment and thereby to swingthe toe end of the shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

7. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for a shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame, a

yoke member mounted on the frame for angular adjust-' ing movementsabout a vertical axis extending through said toe rest, a bracket mountedon the yoke member for angular adjusting movements about a horizontalaxis extending transversely of the machine, means for supporting thebracket member in different positions of angular adjustment including asupporting member of variable length operatively associated with saidbracket at its upper end and connected at its lower end to a blockmounted on the frame for angular movement about the vertical axisthrough said toe rest, a carriage mounted on said bracket for adjustingmovement toward and away from the toe rest, a heel abutment and apivotal last supporting spindle on said carriage, and means for movingsaid last supporting spindle toward said heel abutment to force the heelend of a shoe thereon into engagement With the heel abutment and therebyto swing the toe end of the shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

8. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for a shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame, a yoke member mounted on the frame forangular adjusting movements about a vertical axis extending through saidtoe rest, a bracket mounted on the yoke member for angular adjustingmovements about a horizontal axis extending transversely of the machineand substantially tangent to the operating surface on the toe rest,means for supporting the bracket member in different positions ofangular adjustment including a supporting member of variable lengthoperatively associated with said bracket at its upper end and connectedat its lower end to a block mounted on the frame for angular movementabout the vertical axis through said toe rest, a carriage mounted onsaid bracket for adjusting movement toward and away from the toe rest, aheel abutment and a pivotal last supporting spindle on said carriage,and fluid pressure operated means for moving said last supportingspindle toward said heel abutment to force the heel end of a shoethereon into engagement with the heel abutment and 8 thereby to swingthe toe end of the shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

9. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for a shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame for rotation about a vertical axis extendingtherethrough, a yoke member mounted on the frame for angular adjustingmovements about the vertical axis extending through said toe rest, abracket mounted on the yoke member for angular adjusting movements abouta horizontal axis extending transversely of the machine, means forsupporting the bracket member in different positions of angularadjustment including a supporting member of variable length operativelyassociated with said bracket at its upper end and connected at its lowerend to a block mounted on the frame for angular movement about thevertical axis extending through said toe rest, a carriage mounted onsaid bracket for adjusting movements toward and away from the toe rest,a heel abutment and a pivotal last supporting spindle on said carriage,and means for moving said last supporting spin dle toward said heelabutment to force the heel end of a shoe thereon into engagement withthe heel abutment and thereby to swing the toe end of the shoe into firmcontact with the toe rest.

10. In a machine for shaping uppers over lasts having a main frame andtoe lasting wipers, a support for a shoe on its last comprising a toerest mounted on the frame for rotation about a vertical axis extendingtherethrough, a yoke member mounted on the frame for angular adjustingmovements about the vertical axis extending through said toe rest, abracket mounted on the yoke member for angular adjusting movements abouta horizontal axis extending transversely of the machine, means forsupporting the bracket member in different positions of angularadjustment including a supporting member of variable length operativelyassociated with said bracket at its upper end and connected at its lowerend to a block mounted on the frame for angular movement about thevertical axis extending through said toe rest, a carriage mounted onsaid bracket for adjusting movements toward and away from the toe rest,a heel abutment and a pivotal last supporting spindle on said carriage,and fluid pressure operated means for moving the last supporting spindletoward said heel abutment to force the heel end of a shoe thereon intoengagement with the heel abutment and thereby to swing the toe end ofthe shoe into firm contact with the toe rest.

No references cited.

